Involuntary nervous system consisting of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The autonomic nervous system has dramatic effects on the cardiovascular system. When regards to the heart, sympathetic stimulationIschemia and sympathetic stimulation can enhance a ventricle’s automaticity, stimulating the ventricle to initiate an impulse before a sinus initiated wave reaches the ventricles. This solitary wave doesn’t ride the Autobahn. Rather, this one wave must traverse both ventricles. The... can yield a positive chronotropicRefers to a physiological response that involves the heart rate: note that a positive chronotrope increases the heart rate. The autonomic nervous system has dramatic effects on the cardiovascular system. When regards to the heart, sympathetic stimulation can yield a... (rateHeart Rate; calculated by counting the number of QRS complexes in six seconds and multiplying by 10; rate is also determined by measuring the number of large squares between two R waves; i.e. –1 large square = heart rate of 300/minute.) effect, increasing heart rateThe number of QRS complexes per minute; note that HR may not equal perfused pulse rate. See also: - Step 1 Heart Rate - Rate - Rule of 300s (Triplicate Method) - Six Second Count - The Caliper Method 1..... In contrast, the Vagus nerve produces a negative chronotropic effect slowing the heart rate. The Vagus nerve also slows the conductivityThe ability of a cell to receive and transmit an electrical impulse. 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 194 across the AV nodeIs located in the inferior aspect of the right atria; functions to slow the conduction speed to allow for atrial conduction prior to ventricular conduction (atrial kick); also serves as a pacemaker if the SA node fails to fire. The.... This is called a negative dromotropicRefers to a physiological response that involves the conduction speed through the AV junction; note that a positive dromotropic effect increases the speed of conduction. The autonomic nervous system has dramatic effects on the cardiovascular system. When regards to the... (speed of conduction) effect. Sympathetic stimulation – particularly beta 1 stimulation – causes a positive inotropicRefers to the contractility of the heart (often produced from sympathetic nervous system stimulation; note that a stimuli that leads to increased contractility is called a positive inotrope, stimuli that reduces the force of contraction is called a negative inotrope.... (force of contraction) response, meaning that the force of contraction has increased. The medication Dopamine is known as a positive inotrope because it has the effect of increasing cardiac contractilityA muscle cell’s ability to shorten or contract through the action of actin and myosin - mediated by the calcium ion; the faster the influx of calcium, the more forceful the contraction. 1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 194.
While sympathetic stimulation innervates most of the heart, parasympathetic stimulation via the Vagus nerve is more specific, innervating the SA and AV nodes.
1. Six Second ECG GuidebookA Practice Guide to Basic and 12 Lead ECG Interpretation, written by Tracy Barill, 2012 Introduction The ability to correctly interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG), be it a simple six second strip or a 12 lead ECG, is a vital skill... (2012), T Barill, p. 53-54