Epicardium

The external layer that covers the heart – also called the visceral layer of the heart; between the visceral layer and the outer parietal layer is the pericardial sac; note that the coronary arteries travel along the epicardium before burrowing into the myocardium.

The mechanical structures of the heart include the heart’s layers, chambers, septum, valves, and the major vessels (including the coronary arteries). Each of these structures contribute to the effective ejection of blood – the primary purpose of the heart.

The heart is encased in two protective layers. The outer layer, the pericardial sac, covers the heart. It folds in on itself at the aorta forming the epicardial surface of the heart. Between these layers is a small amount of fluid that provides a non-stick surface between these layers.

The epicardium forms the outer layer of the heart. The myocardium forms the middle layer and the endocardium the innermost layer of the heart. The coronary arteries provide blood to the heart tissues, carrying blood first across the epicardium, then the myocardium and finally terminating in the endocardium.

1. Six Second ECG Guidebook (2012), T Barill, p. 10, 196

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